Hellenistic+Period

**The Hellenistic Period**
Alexander the Great (336-323 BC) invades. A regional process of Hellenization begins all over the eastern Mediterranean. Alexander's generals eventually become his successors; the Ptolemy's rule Egypt and Palestine and the Seleucids rule Anatolia, Syria and Persia. Darius III (336-331 BC), king of the Persians and Medes was defeated by Alexander the Great, son of Philip of Macedonia. 331 - 200 BC Alexander the Great conquered the "known" world. Following the death of Alexander, Palestine became part of the empire of the Greeks in Egypt, the Ptolemies. Hellenized cities where built along the coast at Gaza, Ascalon, Joppa, Dor, and Acco (renamed Ptolemais), ie all along the entire coast of Philistia. This provided a buffer zone between Egypt and the Seleucid empire which had already annexed Phoenicia. It also left the inland parts of Palestine (including a very small Judaea around Jerusalem and Jericho) essentially land locked. Interestingly, even at its smallest extent, Judaea still included Qumran. Inland cites were built or rebuilt, such as that at Scythiopolis (formerly Beth Shean), Samaria was Hellenized as Sebaste, and Rabbath-Ammon (Amman) was refounded as Philadelphia, which remained a free city state. Greeks, Macedonians and Hellenized Phoenicians took up permanent residence throughout Palestine. 323 BC Alexander the Great dies. (Http://www.timelineindex.com)

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